Page 27 - Hong Kong Productivity Council Independent Auditor’s Report and Financial Statements 2024-25

4. 會計政策（續）
(n) 合約負債
合約負債為本集團因已向客戶收取代價（或代價款項已到
期）而須向客戶轉移貨品或服務之責任。倘客戶於本集團
將貨品或服務轉移予客戶前支付代價，則於作出付款或到
期付款時（以較早者為準）確認合約負債。合約負債於本
集團履行合約時確認為收入。
(o) 合約成本
除撥充存貨、物業、廠房和設備以及無形資產資本化的成
本外，倘符合以下全部條件，則因履行客戶合約而產生之
成本亦會資本化：
(i) 成本與合約或集團能具體識別之預計合約直接相關。
(ii) 成本為集團產生或提升資源而該資源將於日後用於
履行履約責任。
(iii) 成本預期可予收回。
資本化之合約成本按與資產相關之收入確認模式一致之系
統化基準攤銷及於收支賬目扣除。其他合約成本於產生時
列作開支。
(p) 外幣換算
每月的外幣交易按當月平均外幣匯率換算。以外幣為單位
的貨幣資產與負債則按報告期末日的外幣匯率換算。匯兌
盈虧在收支賬目內確認。
香港境外經營的業績按與交易日的外幣匯率相若的匯率換
算為港幣。財務狀況表項目則按報告期末日的外幣匯率換
算為港幣。
所產生的匯兌差額確認在其他全面收益並分開累計於換算
儲備中。
獨立核數師報告及財務報告 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024-25 25
4. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
(n) Contract liabilities
A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a
customer for which the Group has received a consideration (or an
amount of consideration that is due) from the customer. If a
customer pays the consideration before the Group transfers goods
or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when
the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier).
Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Group
performs under the contract.
(o) Contract costs
Other than the costs which are capitalised as inventories, property,
plant and equipment, or intangible assets, costs incurred to fulfil a
contract with a customer are capitalised as an asset if all of the
following criteria are met:
(i) The costs relate directly to a contract or to an anticipated
contract that the Group can specifically identify.
(ii) The costs generate or enhance resources of the Group that will
be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future.
(iii)The costs are expected to be recovered.
The capitalised contract costs are amortised and charged to the
income and expenditure account on a systematic basis that is
consistent with the pattern of the revenue to which the asset related
is recognised. Other contract costs are expensed as incurred.
(p) Translation of foreign currencies
Foreign currency transactions during the month are translated at the
foreign exchange rates ruling at the average rate for that month.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies
are translated at the foreign exchanges rates ruling at the reporting
date. Exchange gains and losses are recognised in the income and
expenditure account.
The results of operations outside Hong Kong are translated into
Hong Kong dollars at the exchange rates approximating the foreign
exchange rates ruling at the dates of the transactions. Statement of
financial position items are translated to Hong Kong dollars at the
closing foreign exchange rate at the reporting date.
The resulting exchange differences are recognised in other
comprehensive income and accumulated separately in the exchange
reserve.