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LANGUAGE
ForeSight智瞻 - 迎接「氫能車時代」
說到綠色運輸，大家都會想起現時火紅火熱的電動車。配合政府《香港電動車普及化路線圖》以及《香港氣候行動藍圖2050》，汽車行業均以研發零碳排放的新能源汽車為願景。然而純電動車本身仍有許多制肘，充電位不足、充電時間長、續航里程短，均成為電動車在香港普及的阻力。因此，發展及應用合適香港環境的氫燃料電池車及其基礎設施，亦是生產力局轄下汽車科技研發中心（APAS）當下的一大研究方向。
APAS辦集思匯 加速香港新能源車發展
在香港，電動車的發展及應用其實不錯。根據運輸署最新公布的2021年10月份資料，香港首次登記的私家車總共有2,727 輛，而電動車則佔830輛，即每三至四架新車中，已有一架是電動車。這自然會對香港的充電設施帶來一定的壓力，因為電動車每次充電動輒最少需要半小時以上，不像傳統燃油汽車每次入油只需5分鐘。正因燃油車與電動車的加油及充電習慣不同，使得2035年後，香港新出牌的汽車全面電動化將會面臨不少挑戰。
正因如此，APAS正探討如何利用氫能及燃料電池（fuel cell）來解決部份有關充電時間長的問題。燃料電池電動車，仍以汽車動力電池驅動摩打，只是動力電池的電由燃料電池供給，而最常見的燃料為氫；像我們現時為燃油汽車入油的過程，氫能燃料電池電動車可變成「加氫」，過程比充電快。氫能的好處還有零碳排放，只會排放水份，是非常潔淨的能源；同等的載重條件下，其續航里程表現優於純電動車，能滿足大型商用車如貨車的需求。
在這個講求「碳中和」的年代，世界各地均非常積極佈局氫能發展，其中歐洲及日本已有成熟的氫能產業鏈；而大灣區關於氫能的政策體系亦趨完善，匯聚超過300家氫能企業，產值已過百億人民幣。香港《2021年施政報告》亦提倡大力發展新能源車，包括與專營巴士公司合作試行氫燃料電池巴士。
為探討氫能車是否適合應用於香港這個場景，以及技術上應如何配合，APAS早前舉行了一次以「氫能的時代」為題的業界集思匯，座無虛席，除了請來專家作專題分享，更重要是業界交流環節。來自不同界別的與會者，包括政府環境保護署及機電工程署代表、能源公司、汽車公司代表等，從不同角度提出對氫能發展的願景及現時面臨的挑戰，並獲在場其他與會者積極回應，氣氛熱烈，會後亦踴躍交換聯絡。
汽車科技研發中心舉辦「氫能的時代」業界集思匯，探討氫能車在港發展前景。
香港氫能潛力大 煤氣覆蓋令「氫進百萬家」
其中，香港中華煤氣有限公司鄭曉光先生的專題分享，正正反映香港具有發展氫能的獨特優厚條件：我們日常用的煤氣裡含有49%的氫氣；而香港擁有總長超過3,600公里、廣佈各區的煤氣管道，基礎完善，已做到「氫進百萬家」的概念。因此，其中一個可能性，是從煤氣中提取氫氣供氫能車輛使用，不僅安全可靠，更源源不絕，不受儲存缸容量限制，亦便於在不同地點設立加氫站。
在會上，APAS分享了有關氫能重點研發項目及成果。其中一項創新是APAS研發的智能流動電動車充電系統，改以氫燃料電池提供能源，從而促進電動車充電網絡的擴展，豐富電動車的充電解決方案。此外，基於氫能仍有一定安全疑慮，APAS與大學機構展開合作，共同研發全球首架氨動力燃料電池電動車，比氫能車更具前瞻。由於氨含有氫，因此可從中抽取氫作為動力來源，在儲存和運輸上亦比較安全，成本亦將會比氫能車更低。
這次集思匯絕對有可能令燃料電池汽車在港普及跨出第一步，真正做到我們的目標──成為官、產、學、研結盟的橋樑。本港的能源公司及車廠一直各自面對「有氣無車」及「有車無氣」的困境，各方技術已在，但未能好好結合而更進一步。期望透過APAS的穿針引線及研發方面的配合，香港的氫能生態系統能夠開始落實平穩發展，為市民帶來新一代潔淨能源汽車的另一新選擇！
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